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HTML history

Development

In 1980, Berners-Lee's team at CERN, the INQUIRE project, proposed a prototype system for using and sharing documents by CERN researchers. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a note proposing an Internet-based hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote browser and server software in the late 1990s.

That year, Berners-Lee and CERN data system engineer Robert Chiliao collaborated on a joint budget request. But the project was not formally approved by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990, he mentions "some of the many areas where meta-text is used." And put it in an encyclopedia for the first time.

Initial definition

The first publicly available HTML description was a document called "HTML tags" that first appeared on the Internet in late 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee. These 18 items, including the initial design, simply described HTML. Other than the tag tag, other items were strongly influenced by SGMLguid. SGMLguid was a standard markup language-based (SGML) document-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4.

HTML is a markup language that web browsers use to interpret and write text, images, and other content on visual or audible web pages. Default attributes are defined for each HTML markup item in the browser. These features can be changed or enhanced by designing a web page with CSS.

Many textual elements can be found in the ISO 1995 ISO 9595 Technical Report on SGML Usage Methods. Which in turn covers the features of the original text formatting languages such as those used by the RUNOFF command in the early 1960s for the CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System):
These formatting commands are derived from the commands used by typists to manually format documents. However, the concept of SGML is general notation based on elements (nested margins with features), not just print effects, with structure separation and markup. HTML with CSS has gradually moved in this direction.

Continue efforts

Berners called HTML one of the uses of SGML. Formally drafted by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) with the publication of the first proposal for HTML specification, "Draft Text (HTML)" The Internet Draft was formally defined by Berners-Lee and Dan Conley. Which includes defining the SGML document type to define the grammar.

The draft expired after six months. But it was successful because it approved the NCSA Mosaic browser's custom label for embedding inline images, based on the standard. Similarly, Dave Raggett's Internet draft, "HTML + (Text Marking Template)", has been proposing since late 1993 to standardize previously implemented features such as tables and forms.

Following the expiration of the HTML and HTML + Draft in early 1994, the IETF established an HTML Working Group. Who completed HTML 2.0 in 1995. The first HTML specification is intended as the standard by which future implementations should be made.

Further development supported by the IETF was halted by competitive interests. The HTML specification has been maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) since 1996, with the entry of commercial software vendors. [13] However, in 2000, HTML also became an international standard (ISO / IEC 15445: 2000). HTML 4.01 was released in late 1999, and its subsequent commands were released until 2001. In 2004, the development of HTML5 began in the WHATWG Working Group on Technology, which was delivered jointly with the W3C in 2008. It was completed and standardized on October 28, 2014.

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Rebecca1930 February 14, 2024
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